The Vancouver Island Eco Initiatives - 1054 Words

TThe proposal I have selected is the ‘Vancouver Island Eco Initiatives – Request Proposals VIEI – 11- 02’, this proposal talks about creating a support system for the students at Camosun College. It is economically friendly in the way that the ‘re-use, recycle’ method would be put into place at both campuses. The proposal itself says that it will create financial support for students at both campuses, but has very poor English and vocabulary, and the main point is not made clear. Of what I could understand the individual who wrote this paper wants to set up a student funded flea market of sorts, where students could buy tables from Costco that cost $20 and sell their textbooks, non-perishable food items, etc at reasonable prices to other students. I recommend for this proposal that whoever wrote it, go back and go through spell check, as words like ‘money’ were spelled incorrectly all the way through, and that a lot of their vocabu lary is very basic and hard to follow or understand. ‘The Plan’ section seems more like a budget than anything else, it doesn’t tell you how the student society will be brought into the mix as it mentioned in the Introduction, or how they will garner the attention of students to volunteer and spend the $20.00 on the table, or how the 8 000.00 a year will be distributed among everyone involved. I recommend that the writer re-visit ‘The Plan’ section and actually add in a more detailed plan, including how they plan on getting students involved,Show MoreRelatedVancouver Island Eco Initiatives : Request For Proposal Viei 11-021143 Words   |  5 PagesThe proposal, â€Å"Vancouver Island Eco Initiatives – Request for Proposal VIEI-11-02†, is a written by the student, Sarah Smith, with the intent of implementing a platform to sell second hand goods. The goal of students selling their second hand goods is to raise environmental awareness be recycling of goods and generate economic support for the students attending Camosun College. Given the objectives of the proposal, some modifications should be made in order to improve the clarity of the intent. SuchRead MoreUrban Sprawl: Abu Dhabi Context7376 Words   |  30 PagesUAE, seat of the federal government. It lies on a T-shaped island projecting into the Arabian Gulf (Persian Gulf) from the central western coast. It is the largest of seven emirates in the confederation of UAE, constituting 87% of the nations land (approx 67,000 square kilometers). With a population of 1.6 million, it forms the major business financial center of the country. Its sandy coastline is dotted with nearly 200 natural islands, providing some of the most spectacular, yet „untouchedRead MoreEssay on Winter Olympics 2006 Marketing Plan16242 Words   |  65 Pagesthese are part of a systematic 3 Bondonio Campaniello survey of local public opinion about Torino 2006. These surveys were conducted each year from 2002 onward by the OMERO Centre (Olympics and Mega Events Research Observatory), at the initiative of the city and province of Turin. The surveys focussed on separate representative samples of inhabitants of Turin and the surrounding Olympic valleys.8 Before the Games were held, and during the run-up, despite the inevitable inconveniences causedRead MoreAnalylis Primark22310 Words   |  90 Pagesthem in every way we can. 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The Artist Allan Kaprow s Work - 2785 Words

The artist Allan Kaprow reconstructed the meaning of art when he began to make art that became the antithesis of the typical paint on canvas or sculptural form and began creating environments and performances which enacted the artist’s, as well as audience participation. Kaprow’s work from the 1970s, what he referred to as Activities, further analyzed and assessed social relations and their relationship to everyday social interactions. His previous artworks in the 1960s were also dedicated to social interactions, however, the performances relied on a large group of artists and participants. In the 1970s Kaprow began isolating his scripts from the audience, aiming for more interpersonal events. By eliminating the audience, Kaprow’s work†¦show more content†¦The common thread throughout Kaprow’s work looks at human behavior, an attribute which has a long definitive history among human beings. Aside from our individualized daily routines, such as bru shing our teeth, combing our hair, getting dressed, and so forth, our behavior has been molded into unconscious activities and events which have become otherwise taken for granted. Kaprow’s Activities are performance structures, utilizing the direct life-experience from small groups of untrained participants who follow the artist’s script in a nontheatrical/non-art context. Kaprow implicitly suggests that human beings behaviors are innate and learned. Even though the participants are unfamiliar with the activity, they are capable of following a simple script in order to successfully demonstrate a performance. As Adam Smith asserts in the preface of his book, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, when we observe the behavior of people, we do not simply experience events, we ascribe actions to agents; we pin some change in the environment on a person as an action and we do so because we think we see the person’s point in making the change. Smith encapsulates the ideo logy behind Kaprow’s interpersonal Activities, which is that we judge, critique, discriminate and value people based on what we (emphasis mine) individually and

Lads Lassies Free Essays

Arthur Gharakhanian Lads Lassies (LL) ACCU-620 Brandman University Week 4, Assignment 2 November 14th, 2012 Lads Lassies Introduction Classifying how the income statement needs to be coded for Lads Lassies is a two step processes. I will be using the data provided in the case along with information from FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification. FASB’s coding system is being used to help prepare the layout and ensure proper reporting of the items listed in the case analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on Lads Lassies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some minor changes need to be done to the income statement format to make it presentable which will be noted in the analysis. Please reference Appendix A throughout the analysis to see how the income statement is ultimately being constructed. Analysis – 2005 When constructing the 2005 income statement for Lads Lassies, I will be using a multi step income statement as this is the format that â€Å"includes other important revenue and expense classifications makes the income statement more useful† (Kieso, 2012). We have limited information to use for 2005, but we can still construct an income statement up to gross profit. We will adhere to FASB rule ASC 225-10-S99-2 (Regulation S-X Rule 5-03, Income Statements), which regulates the relevant items and their components which should be separately stated in the income statement and their arrangement for the presentation. This coding rule provides us the guidance on how to label and present the revenue generated by Lads Lassies. Also included in this rule is the requirement on how to report costs and expenses associated with the applicable sales be reported separately on the income statement. Therefore we will breakout the expenses directly tied to sales on their own line item (Cost of Goods Sold). Lastly in 2005 we will calculate the gross profit, which â€Å"tells us how much money an entity would have earned if it Lads Lassies didn’t pay any other expenses such as salary, income taxes, office supplies, utility, rent, etc. † (Kieso, 2012). Analysis – 2006 The accounting reporting standards mentioned in the 2005 analysis still apply, however, there are additional standards that need to be applied in 2006. When constructing the income statement we will have to address the gain on sale of corporate headquarters and the class action settlement. In accordance with ASC 225-20-45-4(d), † the sale or abandonment of property used in the business is being excluded from being presented as an extra-ordinary item† (FASB, 1973). However, when the gain or loss of a building is associated with the movement of corporate headquarters, we would use ACS 225-20-45-16 (Presentation of Unusual or Infrequently Occurring Items). This rule states that â€Å"a material event or transaction that is unusual in nature or occurs infrequently but not both, shall be reported as a separate component of income from continuing operations† (FASB, 1973). Rules ASC 225-20-45-4 ASC 225-20-45-16 also address the presentation of the settlement received from the class action lawsuit. We must report the gain or loss from the class action lawsuit in other income (expense) section of the income statement. This section will follow the income and cost of goods sold sections, thereby â€Å"adding back† revenue to the gross profit to reveal a new gross profit. These transactions could be considered below the line entries and would follow indirect expenses (salaries, rent, etc. , but since those items are not present these entries will follow revenue and cost of goods sold. Conclusion Using FASB we are able to determine how to properly present Lads Lassies income statements. The changes that accompany the growing company from 2005 to 2006 are easily Lads Lassies recorded and presented in the income statements year over year. Being able to distinguish what is an unusual or infrequently occurring item is crucial in determining if it falls under operations or non-operating income (loss). Although the income statement is not complete as we are missing information regarding expenses not directly tied to revenue, the income statements presented (Appendix A) are complete and prepared to code. References FASB ASC 225-20-45-2. [Predecessor literature: â€Å"Reporting the Results of Operations,† Opinions of the Accounting Principles Board No. 30 (New York: AICPA, 1973), par. 20. ] FASB ASC 225-20-45-4. [Predecessor literature: â€Å"Reporting the Results of Operations,† Opinions of the Accounting Principles Board No. 30 (New York: AICPA, 1973), par. 3, as amended by â€Å"Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets,† Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144 (Norwalk, Conn. : FASB, 2001). ] FASB ASC 225-20-45-16. [Predecessor literature: â€Å"Reporting the Results of Operations,† Opinions of the Accounting Principles Board No. 30 (New York: AICPA, 1973), par. 23, as amended by â€Å"Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets,† Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144 (Norwalk, Conn. : FASB, 2001). ] Kieso, D. E. , Weygandt, J. J. , Warfield, T. D. (2012). Intermediate accounting, 14th edition binder ready version. (14 ed. ). Wiley. Appendix A | | | Lads Lassies Income Statement| Fiscal Year Ending on January 29, 2005| (Figures in Millions)| |   |   | Revenue|   |   | Clothing| $ 70. 60 |   | Sassy Spa| $ 3. 90 |   | Total Revenue|   | $ 74. 50 | |   |   | Less: Cost of goods sold|   | $ 46. 50 | |   |   | Gross Profit|   | $ 28. 00 | | | | | | | Lads Lassies Income Statement| Fiscal Year Ending on January 28, 2006| (Figures in Millions)| |   |   | Revenue|   |   | Clothing| $ 71. 10 |   | Sassy Spa| $ 11. 20 |   | Transaction value| $ 4. 20 |   | Total Revenue|   | $ 86. 50 | |   |   | Less: Cost of Goods Sold: Clothing| $ 46. 50 |   | Cost of Goods Sold: Sassy Spa| $ 9. 60 |   | Total Cost of Goods Sold|   | $ 56. 10 | |   |   | Gross Profit|   | $ 30. 40 | |   |   | Non-Operating Income|   |   | Gain (Loss) on Sale of Building| $ 1. 70 |   | Income from Law-Suit Settlement| $ 2. 70 |   | Total Non-Operating Income|   | $ 4. 40 | |   |   | Net Income|   | $ 34. 80 | How to cite Lads Lassies, Essay examples

International Business Model Innovation

Question: Discuss about the International Business Model Innovation. Answer: Introduction: First founded in the year of 1884, Mark and Spencer, popularly known as MS , is a leading multinational brand, that deals with the production and sale of clothing brands, home products and various kinds of luxury and food products. Headquartered in UK, the much esteemed organization, has planned to expand itself beyond the limited confines, for increasing the size of the consumer market. In the current world of globalization, an organization can earn enormous amount of revenue if it chooses to invest in diverse locations, as this will help the company in attaining wider recognition among the masses. Keeping this in mind, Mark and Spencer has decided to invest in a host of countries, especially the West European and the Mid Western countries. However, Mark and Spencer should invest in a country that will help the company in earning quick revenue, with less legal and political complications (Hair et al., 2014). According to the report submitted by the World Bank, Australia is ranked as the 10th easiest country for doing business. The reason for choosing Australia is many. Most importantly, the nation provides a business environment with extremely low risk and high growth potentiality, a talented workforce which is available at an extremely affordable rate, and further it supports high class R D opportunities for the business organizations. Like any other British organization, M S will find it a very lucrative option to expand its market in Australia, because both the countries will enjoy almost identical custom and culture, language, and legal practices (Productivity commission, 2014). In addition to these factors, Australia also offers an innovative economy, whereby it becomes the favorite spot of destination among the business organizations. One of the biggest advantages of investing in Australia, is that the country has easy and convenient access to the Asia Pacific zone, and as a resu lt a large number of consumers will be drawn to the M S products. Australia , as a country, excels in diverse kinds of industries, and hence although M S chiefly revolves around retail trade, in future, if it intends to invest in other forms of industries, Australia can be a favorable place for investment. Australia already is one of the most populated countries of the world, and as such the demand for the basic items of daily life, which M S deals with, will always be in huge demand among the consumers. However, although M S has a huge potential for creating a big consumer market in Australia, it must ensure that it adapts its business to the Australian buying habits, cultural traits, religious beliefs, average income group, etc (Ruddick, 2014). Rationale: The rationale of the following report is to explore and discuss the factors that can help M S in successfully operating its business activities in Australia. As a foreign nation, M S may encounter several difficulties in terms of risk or employee management or selection of the suitable business structure. Hence, the following points should be considered before expanding its market in Australia. Analysis of Australia for Business: The greatest challenge for any organization to expand itself globally, is to be able to properly meet the challenges of a diverse cultural requirement. However, Australia is a multi cultural nation which implies that the nation is a home to people belonging to diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds, and this implies that M S can offer its varied service to a varied group of consumers. Australia can provide the company with greater possibility of innovation as well as experimentation with the products being manufactured. However, before starting a business in Australia, the M S authority has to ensure that it registers the company, and has sufficient knowledge about the possible legal obligations, which it has to abide by, in Australia. Australia has always been a very familiar place to those who intend to start up a business or those who desire to extend their branches in Australia. However, there are certain legal requirement which M S will need to abide by. For example, M S sh ould desirably have a local partner or some sort of local connection before starting up the business. Since M S has already a company structure of its own, it will encounter less difficulty in entering the business market here. Unlike many other countries, Australia is very strict a nation when it comes to ensure that any sort of money laundering is talking place in the name of the business (Campin et al., 2013). For this reason, M S has to open a bank account in their country itself. Australia, as a country is not only very strict about financial transactions, but also about the transparency of the employment rules. There are various rules and restrictions imposed on the employers, whereby even M S will be obliged to recruit its employees very discreetly, ensuring the most diligent and well-qualified ones are being selected. Further, to support the issue of workplace security, M S will have to follow certain set of regulations. Australia is not only a diverse country in terms o f multiculturalism but also in terms of the capital requirement in different regions of the country. Some places are more expensive than others, for example, Sydney is more expensive than Adelaide, and the company has to make sure that it selects a country discreetly before it chooses to invest in a particular region. There is a website of Australia that can assist M S in selecting the appropriate region in Australia for investment. This will not help M S in selecting an appropriate region, which will help to understand which region will require less capital, but it will also help the company enjoy the benefit of laborers with low wages. For example, cheaper workforce is easily available at Adelaide, as compared to Sydney. In addition to everything else, if M S still faces doubts about where to invest or how far their retail business is going to be beneficial in Australia, they can always seek the help of the Australian official page, Doing business in Australia. Although this pa ge was last updated in the year of 2011, the information is quite accurate and can help the company to understand the business environment of Australia successfully (Kent et al., 2014). Recommendation for Entry Mode: While any organization is aiming to enter a new market, in a foreign country, it can be a very risky decision, as it may not earn the company earn sufficient recognition and it may end up in suffering huge and considerable loss in a foreign market. Hence, M S will have to include in their expansion strategy, the suitable plan as to which entry mode is it going to choose. In other words, there are various ways through which a company can enter a foreign market,- through export or investment, or by contractual means. M S can adopt the Joint Venture strategy, while investing in the foreign market of Australia. M S is a very internationally acclaimed brand, it is indisputable that it will be widely popular among the Australian masses as well. However, while opening as a new and fresh brand in the Australian consumer market, M S can enter into a joint venture with some retail chain store, and it must make sure that the chosen store is a brand in itself, so that the M S brand introduc tion through the store name can become an instant success at once (Parker Praag, 2012). There are various famous retail chains to be found in Australia, such as Coles Supermarkets Private Limited, Myer Ltd, Big W , Caltex Australia, and many more. M S should invest in such retail store chains, as this will provide easy and swift access to resource and market , will reduce any sort of political risk, or any form of legal complications that can arise, if M S has to work independently in a foreign market. Besides, even great international brands such as Gucci , Bulgari and others also have opened up new stores since the year of 2012, by tying up with such famous retail chain stores of Australia which helps the companies to gain competitive advantage in a new market (Laufs et al., 2014). One great advantage of the joint venture strategy will be that, having tied up with a local or a native organization, will help M S lower down any sort of economic or political risk. Further, this w ill also enable the company in getting easy public acceptability among the Australian consumers. One of the biggest advantages of the Joint Venture strategy is that it will help the company in getting local workforce, at a much cheaper rate, and further hiring the local workforce will enable the organization to avoid the possibility of any sort of cultural conflict. Further, this strategy will assist the company, in knowledge transfer whereby M S will get sufficient knowledge as to how to improve the performance in the local market of Australia. This strategy also provides a company the risk sharing benefit, and this is indeed important as M S is going to make a huge investment, and so it is advisable that it has someone to share its risk and failure possibility with. Plus, as a new and emerging organization in Australia, M S may find it difficult to have a comprehensive knowledge of the workplace culture, customer requirements and preferences and infrastructure for expansion. Fo rming a Joint Venture with some local reputed organization, will assist M S in getting convenient access to the distribution channels as well as the customer bases. While forming the Joint Venture strategy, the two organizations have to enter into an agreement, either for a specific period of time or for a long time. Keeping in consideration, the uncertainty of making gain in a foreign country, and especially the recent failure of M S, in its international trade in India, the company should enter into an agreement for a specific period, and if this yields it enough benefit, it shall continue in future (Choi et al., 2013). However, there are sufficient risks associated with Joint Venture strategy as well, and it may happen that the strategy is not well-formulated by the two organizations, or due to proper planning, it could not be successfully implemented. Hence, M S must pay proper attention to the management process of the business. As both the countries merge to work on one goa l, they must accept and respect each others business perspectives, rather than showing two opposing styles of approaching a problem. In absence of efficient business decision, the whole process of business may slow down, causing a huge failure for M S (Killing et al., 2012). Marketing and RND constructions: Global expansion in business is not altogether a very easy process. It can be lucrative, if it can be implemented properly, otherwise it may land the company in trouble (Menkveld, 2013). Hence, it is always advisable that an organization, before investing an enormous amount in a foreign market, invests much time in researching the possible risks, political obligations, consumer preferences for the product to be sold, and other relevant issues adequately (Lunt et al. 2014). The foremost point that M S must remember while doing business in Australia, is that it might face competition from local brands, such as Myer or Coles, which have already established themselves as eminent brands all across the globe. In fact, the famous departmental store David Jones, was recently in the news for having shown the best possible growth in sales, by as much as 12.2 %, and in last fifteen years, it has made the biggest profit in Australia (Lages, Mata Griffith, 2013). However, since M S is already an international brand, it has high prospect of getting easy recognition among the masses. However, it will have to focus more on innovative and international methods of production, to get easy acceptability among the consumers. Since, M S is a foreign UK based brand, in the primary stage of its entry into the Australian market, it can make use of Australian logos and favorite symbols that will help it to get adapted to the Australian market (Grant, 2015). For example, Australian people will love to wear Koala bear or Kangaroo imprinted shirts, or casual wears having a sentence written about Australia. Again, since Australia is a multi cultural region, diverse products can be sold in the Australian market, each one satisfying the need of the consumers of each ethnic group (Martens, R., Matthyssens, P., Vandenbempt, 2012). This offers a chance for a larger and more diverse market for M S. Further, recent study suggests that there is a larger demand for luxury products among the em erging wealthy section of the Australian society. Hence, appropriate promotion and advertisement strategy can largely benefit the organization. M S must understand that in starting a new venture in a foreign country, may pose potential risks for the company, and hence it must have a proper team for risk management, for identifying the risks as well as mitigating the potential harm that can be caused by it (Wu et al., 2013). The Australians are although less formal and more casual about their business dealings, they are highly punctual and productive people. The workforce is usually considered to be upright and they get a leave of 20 days only, and this implies that investing in Australia, means getting an access to an efficient and highly professional workforce. Brisbane, Hobert are two of the cheapest places in Australia. Therefore, M S can start their business in these places, as it will require less capital and will help the company to get cheaper workforce as well (Bertay, Dem irg-Kunt Huizinga, 2013). Sydney, Melbourne are two of the most important tourist destinations of Australia, and as it draws a huge number of tourists each year, opening up the stores in these places can prove to be a highly profitable idea. This will imply that a large number of tourists will turn up and consume the M S products, apart from the Australians. However, M S must make wisely choose between cheaper cost of production and higher rate of profit, at the beginning (Amit Zott, 2012). As a new organization in Australia, it may initially opt for cheaper places, and gradually evaluating the annual profit, may think of expanding its business to the more affluent towns of the nation. Recommendations regarding production Advancement of technology is one of the major ways to increase the productivity for a business organization (Oraiopoulos, Ferguson Toktay, 2012). M S is not exceptional to that. As per the current economic scenario, business organization such as M S gets many opportunities to implement limited workforce at the production department by using business productivity software. With the help of this specific software, the business experts would be able to earn more production in limited time by maintaining a chronological record on it (Slack, 2015). As a result, the workforce manager of this organization can involve the workers in other department to provide effective service to the customers. In addition, an effective communication should be maintained between the suppliers and the production managers in order to enhance productivity within M S. If the suppliers fail to supply the product within time to the organization, the rhythmic process of productivity would be hampered definitely (Hillestad Berkowitz, 2012).. As a result, the customers service department would have to face numerous challenges in order to maintain a balance between the demand and supply of the product. In order to overcome this kind of situation, maintaining effective communication between the suppliers and the production managers is highly important. International HRM Issues: While working in a foreign country , a company must pay enough heed to the question of cultural diversity. As an UK based firm , M S will be acquainted with a British workforce, the cultural traits of whom will be highly distinguished from that of the Australian counterpart (Ritala, 2012). As M S is going to enter a Joint Venture with an Australian native brand, it will have to interact and operate its business activities with Australian mangers, employees and retailers. Keeping this point in mind, the M S authority must remember that they are highly punctual people and they will always respect punctuality and accuracy in every negotiation and business dealings (Barney, 2012). As M S is an UK based company, it will have to make itself familiar among the Australian people. Hence, it must hire more Australians in their stores, rather than having only UK employees (Kim Mauborgne, 2014). Hence, giving the employees short term benefits, rather than the long term ones, can be a fruitf ul idea (Yoo et al., 2016). Conclusion: Australia is one of the most populated countries in the world, and as highly multicultural it is, its business market has high potential in future. However, it must be remembered that much of the success of M S will depend on the quality of its customer service. If it can offer valuable service to the Australians from various cultural communities, it can enjoy a long term success. However, it must make sure that its production and consumer satisfaction does meet the international standard as promised by the brand. M S, however, should aim to serve the average group of consumers, and must not make its products overpriced at the beginning (Thomas et al., 2013). Reference List: Amit, R., Zott, C. (2012). Creating value through business model innovation.MIT Sloan Management Review,53(3), 41. Barney, J. B. (2012). Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based theory.Journal of Supply Chain Management,48(2), 3-6. Bertay, A. C., Demirg-Kunt, A., Huizinga, H. (2013). Do we need big banks? Evidence on performance, strategy and market discipline.Journal of Financial Intermediation,22(4), 532-558. Campin, S., Barraket, J. and Luke, B., 2013. Micro-business community responsibility in Australia: Approaches, motivations and barriers.Journal of business ethics,115(3), pp.489-513. Choi, C. B., Beamish, P. W. (2013). Resource complementarity and international joint venture performance in Korea.Asia Pacific Journal of Management,30(2), 561-576. Grant, R. M. (2015).Contemporary Strategy Analysis 9e Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Hair Jr, J. F., Lukas, B. (2014).Marketing research. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Hillestad, S. G., Berkowitz, E. N. (2012).Health care market strategy. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Kent, C. (2014). The Business Cycle in Australia.Address to the Australian Business Economists, Sydney,13. Killing, P. (2012).Strategies for Joint Venture Success (RLE International Business)(Vol. 22). Routledge. Kim, W. C., Mauborgne, R. (2014).Blue Ocean Strategy, Expanded Edition: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant. Harvard Business Review Press. Lages, L. F., Mata, J., Griffith, D. A. (2013). Change in international market strategy as a reaction to performance decline.Journal of Business Research,66(12), 2600-2611. Laufs, K., Schwens, C. (2014). Foreign market entry mode choice of small and medium-sized enterprises: A systematic review and future research agenda.International Business Review,23(6), 1109-1126. Lunt, N., Horsfall, D., Smith, R., Exworthy, M., Hanefeld, J., Mannion, R. (2014). Market size, market share and market strategy: three myths of medical tourism.Policy Politics,42(4), 597-614. Martens, R., Matthyssens, P., Vandenbempt, K. (2012). Market strategy renewal as a dynamic incremental process.Journal of Business Research,65(6), 720-728. Menkveld, A. J. (2013). High frequency trading and the new market makers.Journal of Financial Markets,16(4), 712-740. Oraiopoulos, N., Ferguson, M. E., Toktay, L. B. (2012). Relicensing as a secondary market strategy.Management Science,58(5), 1022-1037. Parker, S. C., Van Praag, C. M. (2012). The entrepreneur's mode of entry: Business takeover or new venture start?.Journal of Business Venturing,27(1), 31-46. Productivity Commission. (2014).Relative Costs of Doing Business in Australia: Retail Trade. Productivity Commission Research Report, september. Ritala, P. (2012). Coopetition strategywhen is it successful? Empirical evidence on innovation and market performance.British Journal of Management,23(3), 307-324. Ruddick, G. (2014).Marks Spencer plans massive international expansion.Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 6 June 2016, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/10737831/Marks-and-Spencer-plans-massive-international-expansion.html Slack, N. (2015).Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Thomas, H., Smith, R. R., Diez, F. (2013).Human capital and global business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Wu, Z., Liu, X., Ni, Z., Yuan, D., Yang, Y. (2013). A market-oriented hierarchical scheduling strategy in cloud workflow systems.The Journal of Supercomputing,63(1), 256-293. Yoo, I. Y., Lee, T. (2016). Multicultural competence and job embeddedness of foreign employees in hotels: A comparison research between Australia and Japan.CAUTHE 2016: The Changing Landscape of Tourism and Hospitality: The Impact of Emerging Markets and Emerging Destinations, 919.

And No Matter Where You Run Into It free essay sample

Juror 8 says And no matter where you run Into It, prejudice obscures the truth he means when ever and where ever you are narrow-mindedness and racism can cloud your judgment towards people of all races and cultures, this can be proved by the stubbornness of juror 10 to change his mind about the boys case, and Juror gs absolute unwillingness to change is mind even when all the other Jurors starting with juror 8 note innocent.Juror 10 is one of the most racist and prejudice of the all the jurors a quote to show his is Now youre not going to tell us that were supposed to believe that kid, knowing what he is. Listen, Vive lived among me all my life. You cant believe a word they say. I mean, there born liars. When he says this he means/believes that people are born In slums are born to live lives of crime and disease, even thou Juror 5 was born and lived In a slum all his life he Is a perfectly respectably man. We will write a custom essay sample on And No Matter Where You Run Into It or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This proves that lure 10 was wrong and people born In slums arena born to Ill and commit crime. There for prejudice did obscure the truth for juror 10. Juror 3 is the last to change his note because of his grudge against kids this grudge started him and his son had a fight and his son left home ever since Juror 3 has had prejudice against kids, when juror 3 says That goddamn rotten kid. I know him. What theyre like. What they do to you. How they kill you everyday. My God, dont you see?How come Im the only one who sees? Jeez, I can feel that knife going in. this proves hat Juror 3 thinks he knows every kid in the whole world and knows that they are disrespectful and untruthful. In other words prejudice. When he says Jeez, I can feel that knife going In this shows that he Is so shore of the boy committing the crime even thou the boy was found Innocent In the end, showing that prejudice did lead lure 3 away from the truth there for proving the point that prejudice does obscure the truth.Despite all these facts juror 8 still saw the small chance that the boy could have been innocent a quote to show this is But we have a reasonable doubt . No Jury can declare a man guilty unless its sure. Hes telling us we have to be sure if we are going to blame someone for anything. This shows us that prejudice isnt every where in the world and some people do look past race and cultural backgrounds. In conclusion we have to try to look past the color of someones skin where they come from are born or have grown up, and look at all the facts to get the absolute truth on the questions that are asked.

Silas Marner Chapter 3 essays

Silas Marner Chapter 3 essays Squire Cass, who lived in Raveloe, lived in a huge house. He was known to the people of Raveloe as a very rich man, with a rich family. He has two completely opposite sons, Dunstan (nicknamed Dunsey) and Godfrey. Dunstan liked to gamble and drink. Leaving Godfrey with the other things of life, such as being good-natured and handsome, very different from his brother. One day the brothers get into a fight over money that belongs to Squire Cass, that came from one of his tenants. Godfrey lent Dunstan the money and needs it back to give to their father or he will be quite upset. Dunsey tells Godfrey to pay the money back by himself and to sell his horse, Wildfire, or hes telling the Squire about Godfreys secret marriage with a druggie, Molly Farren. Dunsey cracks at Godfrey telling him that he should just get rid of Molly, Godfrey tells Dunsey that he will tell the Squire about the money and the marriage himself, getting both of the boys kicked out of the house. Godfrey chooses not to do that, because he is so scared of what his father will think of the secret marriage. Dunsey offers Godfrey to sell Wildfire for him. Godfrey tells Dunsey that is cool with him. Godfrey thinks about his secret marriage and remembers that he was pushed into by his brother for no other reason to get use it against him. Although he his married to Molly, he is deeply in love with Nancy Lammeter, who would make a great addition in the womanless household of the men, which has been that way for years since their mother died. Because Godfrey is too insecure, he only hurts more to know that he isnt with the woman he loves. ...

BIOGRAPHY OF OSCAR HAMMERSTEIN II Research Paper - 1

BIOGRAPHY OF OSCAR HAMMERSTEIN II - Research Paper Example As a youth, Oscar dabbled in theatrical undertakings debuting at his public school in a Christmas procession. He started his piano lessons when he was nine years old. The death of his mother, however, when he was only fifteen ruined his happy childhood (Notablebiographies.com, 3). During his formative years, Oscar was greatly involved in theatrical activities. Nevertheless, when he was choosing a career his father kept him back from theater. He sent him to Columbia University to study law. However, his father died in the year 1914 leaving him reliant on family members who were more theatrically inclined (Notablebiographies.com, 3). While at Columbia University, Oscar essentially started his career in theater. At the age of 19, he became a member of the Columbia University Players and took part in ‘On Your Way,’ the 1915 Varsity review. For several years, he was a close follower of the student shows and he participated both as a performer and a writer (Pbs.org, 2). After finishing his first year in law school, Oscar was able to convince his uncle to take him in on one of his shows at the capacity of an assistant stage manager. By the year 1919, his uncle made him the production stage manager for all his shows. In this capacity, Oscar managed to do write and re-write on development scripts. In the long run, he began writing musical comedies of his own (Pbs.org, 3). In the year 1917, Oscar married Mary Flynn, who begot him two children namely Alice and William, who later became a theater producer-director. In the year 1929, Oscar divorced Flynn and married Dorothy Blanchard Jacobson and they got a son called James Hammerstein who became a director of theater (Hischak, 81). Soon after marrying Flynn, Oscar wrote ‘The Light’, his first play. His production started in 1919 but it was stopped after only lasted four performances. He stepped back and evaluated what

British Airway is a listed industrial company on the London Stock Essay

British Airway is a listed industrial company on the London Stock Exchange,obtain its published annual reports and aacounts - Essay Example The financial performance and position analysis of British Airways can be done with the help of profitability, leverage and liquidity ratios in comparison with one of its major industrial competitors i.e. Air France-KLM (banker.thomsonib.com). The analysis of Air France-KLM would serve as a benchmark for the evaluation of performance and position of British Airways plc. The profitability ratios presented in the above table highlight both the companies i.e. British Airways plc and Air France-KLM for the last 4 years 2002-05. The return on assets ratio for British Airways reveals that the company has been generating a declining return on its various assets over the last four years. This ratio has decreased by about 39% in 2005 as compared to the year 2002. For Air France, this ratio also shows that the return generated by the company on its various assets has been consistently declining over the four years. The ratio has decreased by about 50% in the year 2005 as compared to 2002. Despite this fact, Air France's return on asset ratio is about 12% higher than that of the British Airways plc for the year 2005. This suggests that Air France has been more successful in utilising its assets towards the generation of profit. The return on capital employed ratio indicates the extent to which a company generates return on the funds invested by its investors. According the above table, British Airways' return on capital employed ratio has been on the declining trend for the last four years suggesting a significant plunge in the company's net profits. The ROCE for British Airways has declined by about 30% in the year 2005 as compared to 2002. Approximately, the similar situation has been with its competitor Air France plc; its ROCE has also been declining but at a higher rate than British Airways i.e. 50% if the figures for the year 2005 are compared with 2002. Still, Air France's ROCE is much higher than that of the British Airways. The three profit margin ratios depicted in the above chart i.e. the gross profit margin, operating margin and net profit margin provide an insight into these companies' general profitability. The gross profit margin shows the revenue that is left with the company after accounting for various production and distribution costs. The operating margin reveals the extent to which a company loses its sales revenues in meeting its

A Research and Analysis of Returns on the Viability For the Hobbits Assignment

A Research and Analysis of Returns on the Viability For the Hobbits Choice Restaurant - Assignment Example Survey Questions 1. Do you eat at this type of restaurant at least once every two weeks? 2. How many total dollars do you spend per month in restaurants (for your meals only)? 3. How likely would it be for you to patronize this restaurant (new upscale restaurant)? 4. What would you expect an average evening meal entree item alone to be priced? 5. Including children under 18 living with you, what is your family size? 6. To which type of radio programming do you most often listen? 7. Would you describe yourself as a viewer of TV local news? 8. Which newscast do you watch most frequently? 9. Do you read the newspaper? 10. Which section of the local newspaper would you say you read most frequently? 11. Do you subscribe to City Magazine? 12. Prefer Waterfront View 13. Prefer Drive Less than 30 Minutes 14. Prefer Formal Waitstaff Wearing Tuxedos 15. Prefer Unusual Desserts 16. Prefer Large Variety of Entrees 17. Prefer Unusual Entrees 18. Prefer Simple Decor 19. Prefer Elegant Decor 20. Prefer String Quartet 21. Prefer Jazz Combo 22. Year Born 23. What is your highest level of education? 24. What is your marital status? 25. Including children under 18 living with you, what is your family size? 26. Please check the letter that includes the Zip Code in which you live (coded by letter). 27. Which of the following categories best describes your before tax household income? 28. What is your gender? 29. Probable Patron of Hobbit's Choice? 30. Recoded income to $1,000s using midpoints of questionnaire ranges 31. State age

A Case Study About Healthcare Leadership

A Case Study About Healthcare Leadership Effective leadership is essential in health care organisations as in other organisations. It is necessary for driving innovation, effective patient care, patient safety, improving working within clinical teams, sorting out issues within emergency context and other aspects necessary for effective and efficient running of healthcare organisations. Transformational leadership has often been prescribed as the gold standard of healthcare leadership(Gopee and Galloway 2009).This essay sets out to: briefly discuss the concept of leadership; highlight why leadership is important in healthcare; make a distinction between the closely-related concepts of leadership and management; briefly highlight how power relates to leadership; describe some leadership approaches applicable within the context of healthcare organisations; describe leadership styles visible in healthcare; present a case study set in a teaching hospital practice setting in Africa ; critically assess the leadership approaches operating within the setting and its effect on organisational performance ;and make recommendations on improving leadership practice within the specified setting. What is leadership? Leadership can be defined as the ability of an individual to influence a group of people to achieve a goal(Bryman 1992).It is also noted that leadership can have four possible meanings, namely: the activity of leading; the body of people who lead a group; the status of the leader; and the ability to lead'(Gopee and Galloway 2009). Kouzes and Posner (2007) suggest some characteristics of an effective leader namely to: be more effective in meeting job-related demands; be more successful in representing their units in upper management; create higher performing teams; foster renewed loyalty and commitment; increase motivational levels and willingness to work hard; and possess high degree of personal integrity. Why leadership in healthcare? Effective leadership and management has been found to contribute to efficiency of health care services, performance (McColl-Kennedy and Anderson 2002) and satisfaction of staff employed within them.(Bradley and Alimo-Metcalfe 2008) researched the causal relationship between leadership behaviours and the performance and productivity of staff and found that engaging leadership improved employee engagement and performance. (Morrison, Jones et al. 1997) studied the relationship between leadership style, empowerment, and job satisfaction on nursing staff at a regional medical centre. They used Basss Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire to measure leadership style, items from Spreitzers Psychological Empowerment instrument to measure empowerment, and the Warr, Cook, and Walls job satisfaction questionnaire to measure job satisfaction. The authors found that both transformational and transactional leadership were positively associated with job satisfaction. Some other researchers reported that good leadership skills impacted on patient safety and quality of care (Corrigan, Lickey et al. 2000; Firth-Cozens and Mowbray 2001; Mohr, Abelson et al. 2002).Furthermore, leadership skills are essential in the world of public health policy and leadership is one of the core competencies required of public health trainees(Faculty of Public Health 2010). Leadership versus management Relevant to this discourse is making a distinction between leadership and management. They are two similar but distinct concepts. Management is seen as seeking order and maintaining stability while leadership is seen as seeking adaptive and constructive change. Leadership in the healthcare context aims to influence practitioners towards the achievement of the common goal of quality patient care. On the other hand, management as a process coordinates and directs the activities of an organisation to ensure it achieves its set objectives. Management ensures healthcare resources (human such as doctors, nurses and clerical staff and non-human resources like medical devices and consumables) are utilised in an efficient way whilst delivering effective healthcare service(Gopee and Galloway 2009). However, leadership is known to be complementary to management (Kotter 1999; Zaleznik 2004). Leadership theories and styles in healthcare A number of theoretical leadership approaches can be applied within healthcare .However, not all aspects fit in perfectly into healthcare, and thus some adaptation may be required. Transformational leadership Transformational leadership is a widely advocated approach for healthcare. Transformational leadership is one of the contemporary leadership approaches that are concerned with how an individual influences others in a group in other to achieve a common goal .Transformational leaders seek to accomplish greater pursuits within an organisation by inspiring other members of the group to share their vision for the organisation. Transformational leaders motivate and raise the morality of their followers and help them reach their fullest potential. Mohandas Gandhi Nelson Mandela have been cited as transformational leaders(Northouse 2007). In an organisational context, a transformational leader is one who attempts to change the organisations values in order to portray a standard of fairness and justice while in the process emerging with a better set of moral values. Transformational leadership is about the collective good of an organisation; it is expected to bring about organisational change .It aims to inspire commitment to the organisations vision and ideals .In healthcare, teams of health care professionals are inspired to achieve the highest quality of patient care irrespective of limiting situations (Gopee and Galloway 2009). The concept of transformational approach of leadership was popularised by the political sociologist, leadership expert, and presidential biographer- James Macgregor Burns in his seminal work Leadership written in 1978. In this book, he described the leadership styles of some political leaders. Bernard Bass widely cited in leadership literature built on the work of Burns and argued that leadership is an influence process which motivates followers to perform above their expected output by raising the followers level of consciousness about the importance and values of the shared goals, operating beyond their self-interests and addressing higher level needs'(Bass 1985). He also suggested that transformational and transactional leadership models where a continuum rather than mutually exclusive entities. Four qualities or behavioural have been widely cited as the leadership factors which are an integral part of transformational leadership- the 4 IS(Bass 1985; Avolio, Waldman et al. 1991) namely: idealised influence-describes the ability of the leader to act as role model s whose followers emulate. This factor is sometimes mentioned as being the same as charisma; inspirational motivation-the ability to inspire the members of the group to become integrated with the vision of the organisation while transcending their own self-interest ; intellectual stimulation-the stimulation of creativity and innovation in the followers so that they are able to discover and develop new ways of sorting out issues within the organisation as they arise; and individualised consideration-portrays the need for leaders to recognise the strength and weakness of each member of the group foster on the development of followers and help each in the achievement of goals through personal development. Transactional leadership, on the other hand, is one based on reward for performance. A transactional leader is described by (Bass 1985)as one who prefers a leader-member exchange relationship, in which the leader meets the needs of the followers in exchange for meeting basic expectations. In essence, a transactional leader has a penchant for avoiding risks and is able to build confidence in subordinates to allow them to achieve goals. The transactional leadership construct has three components: Contingent reward -clarifies what is expected from followers and what they will receive if they meet expectations. Active management by exception- focuses on monitoring tasks and arising problems and correcting these to maintain current performance. Passive -Avoidant Leadership-reacts only after problems become serious and often avoids decision-making(Avolio, Bass et al. 1999). Connective leadership is a theory based on the premise that establishing alliance with other organisations via networking is essential to the success of an organisation. Collaboration between different clinical teams within a hospital and with other health care organisations and service industry exemplifies this.(Klakovich 1994) suggests that empowering staff at all levels facilitates the collaboration and synergism needed in the reformed health care environment of the future. Distributed leadership Clinical leadership Leading change in the University College Hospital Ibadan: a failed effort in transformation? Healthcare in Nigeria is faced with enormous challenges. The University College Hospital Ibadan was established in 1948 is the foremost tertiary hospital in Nigeria. It is basically organised as a public sector organisation whose primary goal is to provide the best available healthcare service in the western region and the country as a whole. Funding is from the Federal Government and its activities are regulated by the Federal Ministry of Health which is also responsible for the implementing healthcare policies. However, a private section of the hospital was established recently modelling the prevalence of internal markets currently prevailing within healthcare. Currently, the University College Hospital produces 1 in every 5 physician in the nation. It was initially commissioned with 500 bed spaces but has now grown to a 850 bed hospital. The current average bed occupancy ranges from 60-70%. The hospital board of management comprises: the Chairman the Chief Medical Director; the Chairman, Medical Advisory Committee; the Secretary of the Board; representatives of public interest; representative of the Nigerian Medical Association; representative of the State Government; representative of the University of Ibadan Senate; representative of the Vice Chancellor of the University of Ibadan; and the Provost of the College of Medicine. The organisation has three principal officers but the day -to -day running of the hospital falls on the Chief Medical Director who demonstrates some attributes of transformational leadership in order to bring about change . Vision To be the flagship tertiary health care institution in the  West Africa  sub-region, offering world-class training, research and services, and the first choice for seeking specialist health care in a conducive atmosphere, renowned for a culture of continuing and compassionate care'(University College Hospital Ibadan 2009). Mission Statement Rendering excellent, prompt, affordable, and accessible health care in an environment that promotes hope and dignity, irrespective of status, and developing high quality health personnel in an atmosphere that stimulates excellent and relevant research. (University College Hospital Ibadan 2009). The Chief Medical Director is an assigned leader-one whose leadership is based on formal position and legitimate authority .His appointment by the Federal Government in 2003 was proposed to be vital contribute to the improvement of the hospital. A trained obstetrician, he participates actively in the care of pregnant women. With increasing satisfaction of healthcare staff, patient satisfaction rates began increase. A new magnetic resonance imaging ,centre, cancer treatment and research centre.new innovationsthe bank to collect..Satellite pharmacies were established in order to reduce the time and effort spent by staff in getting patient medications. staff development through exchange programmes, establishment of day care centres.shows his entrepreneurial qualities. Despite it all, mortality rates remain high, medical errors are frequent, post operative patients developed infections frequently and physicians were verbally and physically abused by patient relatives. Private patients get more attention from the junior doctors and other specialist consultants. It has now been found wanting in serving the needs of the local population. Repeated nurses strike ,junior workers strike .. SWOT analysis of the University College Hospital Ibadan Strengths Weaknesses Fairly well-equipped operating theatres Large newly renovated and well-built hospital blocks Excellent medical microbiology services, including HIV testing Residential accommodation for house officers and other specialist trainees Strong alliance with international organisations for infectious diseases research Expensive laboratory services Relative shortage of medical staff Politicisation of board of management appointments Weak administrative set-up Expensive pharmacy services Inadequate funding Delay in staff remuneration Few opportunities for exchange programmes for students and residents Inadequate supply of electricity Opportunities Threats Federal Governments commitment to the development of tertiary care More research funding Competition from existing private and missionary hospitals Incessant industrial actions embarked upon by nursing staff, physicians and support staff Critical analysis of the leadership approach in Despite recognition that transformational leadership has some positive benefits, it is particularly difficult to act out within public services organizations Frederickson 1996 cited in (Currie 2005).Though with its own merits, the view that transformational leadership is the solution for healthcare leadership has been criticised. While there are advantages of using the transformational approach, it is not a universal panacea. Transformational leadership alone cannot account for effective outcomes in this health care organisation. Other aspects like of organisational behaviour such as management practices, knowledge management, and organisational culture are also key determinants. A US study of 370 hospitals explored the relationship between leadership, quality and knowledge management and found that transformational leadership is fully mediated by knowledge responsiveness in its effect on organisational performance (Gowen, Henagan et al. 2009). Effective knowledge management is thus strong confounder in the relationship between leadership and organisational performance. In relation to organisational culture, there is also a link between hospital and ward culture with patient outcomes. Research has shown that hospitals with a strong hand-washing policy and practice recorded fewer infections. Transformational leadership, while focusing on change, may not be in consonance with performance management needed for accountability in healthcare(Firth-Cozens and Mowbray 2001). The context in which a leadership style operates is also a key determinant on outcome irrespective of leadership style. Studies have shown the relationship physician working hours, stress, and burnout on quality of care and patient outcomes (Firth-Cozens and Cording 2004; Landrigan, Rothschild et al. 2004).Tackling job stress is thus a key avenue for improving quality of care. The Chief Medical Director needs to understand the complexity within which healthcare is delivered and translate it to his practice setting rather than trying to adopt a prescribed process. Conclusion This essay has highlighted a number of leadership theories, skills, style leadership in healthcare has been assessed. There is no perfect style or approach to leadership and healthcare organisations pose a complex setting. Several approaches may operate simultaneously. Context, political environment and social factors will affect leadership styles and approach. Clarifying the situation of a practise and flexibility is very important. Numerous challenges face healthcare organisations in Nigeria. The ability to deliver safe, effective, high quality care within organisations with the right cultures, the best systems, and the most highly skilled and motivated work forces will be the key to meeting this challenge. Conflicts still exist as to what constitutes good practice in leadership and there is no perfect set of prescriptions for effective leadership. All the existing theories merely provide a framework for which practise can be based. Healthcare organisations are a complex setting and to achieve efficiency and effectiveness, healthcare leaders need to be very flexible in their leadership .The University College Hospital should adopt an blend of different theories and styles in practice. Recommendations Leadership can be taught (Parks 2005)and improved through organising leadership development programme. It is also noted that leadership development programmes improved efficiency and quality in healthcare(McAlearney 2008). Top management and clinical staff can take these.(Kotter 1990) suggests that organisations can nurture and grow their own leaders while adapting to constant changes(Parks 2005) There appears a need for leadership approaches that are sensitive to a context in which there are significant professional and moral concerns graeme.

Technical Report The Construction of Alloy Wheels :: Design and Technology

Technical Report The Construction of Alloy Wheels Introduction Aluminium alloy wheels are now used in all branches of Motor Racing, ranging from Touring cars and Rally cars to Formula One cars. The Alloy wheels offer far superior mechanical properties than the conventional steel wheels formerly used. These benefits include reduced un-sprung weight, i.e. not held by the suspension, providing more precise steering input and improved responsiveness. Alloy wheels also improve acceleration and braking due to the reduction of weight. The added strength of a quality alloy wheel can significantly reduce wheel/tire deflection in cornering. This is particularly critical with a vehicle equipped with high performance tires where lateral forces may approach 1.0g. The metals in alloy wheels are excellent conductors of heat - improving heat dissipation from the brakes - reducing risk of brake fade under demanding conditions. Additionally, alloy wheels can be designed to allow more air to flow over the brakes, this can help cooling. The alloy used in the finest road wheels today is a blend of aluminium and other elements. The term "mag wheel" is sometimes incorrectly used to describe alloy wheels. Magnesium is generally considered to be an unsuitable alloy for road usage due to its brittle nature and susceptibility to corrosion. Nowadays, there are basically three ways in which alloy automotive wheels are constructed. The three types can be referred to simply by cast, billet and forged. Casting is a relatively inexpensive way to produce a high-quality, fairly strong alloy wheel; many aftermarket alloy wheels designed for street use are made this way. Billet wheels are machined from a solid chunk of material and forging uses intense heat and pressure to transform a slug of alloy material into the final shape of a wheel. This report will focus mainly on the casting processes used. Casting Processes The most common process of constructing alloy wheels is One-Piece Casting, there are a number of methods to do this, and the most basic is Die Casting, this process is used world wide throughout the casting industry and is not exclusive to alloy wheels. The Die Casting process uses a permanent mould usually made of metal, which generally means that there is high tooling costs compared to other methods of casting, but this high tooling cost is combined with low production costs. This means that die casting is suitable for products with a large production number. There are four main processes in the die casting family, these are: Gravity Die Casting Pressure Die Casting Low Pressure Die Casting Squeeze Casting Gravity Die Casting This process is the most simple of the four, the mould or die, which is generally made in two halves, is filled with molten metal, in the